Essay on Dbq Causes of Revolutionary War - 726 Words

DBQ’s – Questions and Answers Document 1 Why did Whately (and probably most other English officials) feel that the American colonists should be willing to pay higher taxes to Parliament? Whately felt that American Colonists should contribute to the preservation of the advantages they have received. Document 2 According to Dickinson, what taxes was Parliament justified in imposing on the colonies? According to Dickinson, Parliament was justified in imposing the Stamp Act on the colonies. Why did he object to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts? Dickinson objected to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts because he did not have the authority to levy taxes. Document 3 How does the engraving tell a different story from the above†¦show more content†¦Essay 1763 marked the end of French and Indian war and caused a great celebration and pride in the American colonies. But, in next twelve years, the same pride was altered by at bitter and violent conflict with the mother country. The injustices of the mother country finally led the American colonists to declare independence and wage war against it. American colonies were justified for waging war and breaking away from Britain because they were defending themselves against a series of measures Parliament wished to impose on their communities without their consent. In Thomas Whately’s pamphlet â€Å"Considerations† he expressed Britain’s view of taxation. The British felt that the colonists should pay higher taxes because they owe them for the help they received in the French and Indian War. Britain imposed new tax acts such as the Stamp Acts and the Sugar acts. However, the colonists felt threatened by these new rules (Doc1). Parliament imposed the Townshend Act, which raised taxes on imported goods. According to John Dickinson, Parliament was justified in imposing the Stamp Act on the colonies. â€Å"Never did the British parliament, [until the passage of the Stamp Act] think of imposing duties in America for the purpose of raising a revenue† (Doc2). Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense to convince the common people to support independence. His main ideaShow MoreRelatedCauses of the Revolutionary War DBQ1077 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Ryan Hsin 10/17/14 US History Period 2 Causes of the Revolutionary War DBQ A great things started somewhere. For a powerful, free, and role model country like the United States of America started somewhere. The journey of our storied revolution and transformation to one of the world’s premier powers have its roots derived from Great Britain. Unjust colonial rules implanted by the King of England acted as the catalyst for revolution amongst the colonies. Once a happy family, key events triggeredRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesNew England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. FocusRead MoreJust Whatever1974 Words   |  8 PagesA P European History Test Prep DBQ Free Response Questions For DBQ’s Always: 1. Provide an appropriate, explicitly stated thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question and does NOT simply restate the question. 2. Discuss a majority of the documents individually and specifically. 3. Demonstrate understanding of the basic meaning of a majority of the documents. 4. Support the thesis with appropriate interpretations of a majority of the documents. 5. Analyze point of view or bias in atRead MoreEssay on Development of the American Identity Between 1750 and 1776919 Words   |  4 PagesKeum Yong (Andrew) Lee DBQ – Score 8/9 (95) In what ways and to what extent did the â€Å"American identity† develop between 1750 and 1776? Though the American colonists had not achieved a true, uniform sense of identity or unity by 1776, on the eve of Revolution, the progress towards unity and the inchoate idea of an â€Å"American† between 1750 and 1776 is inevitable in both existence and significance. Previous to the French and Indian War, America as a whole had been, more or less, loyal mercantile-basedRead More1985 Dbq904 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ 1985 The colonists were living in a brand new country that had no track record. Considering that the articles of confederation had no precedent to follow, and no other government to imitate; the articles were fairly good. However, the Articles of Confederation could have been more effective than they were. Effective does not necessarily mean that the government was strong. It does mean that the government was able to provide the people with the kind of government they wanted andRead MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 PagesUsing the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, Sixth Edition A Teachers’ Guide Ray Soderholm Minnetonka High School Minnetonka, Minnesota Using the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition A Teachers’ Guide This guide is intended to suggest some possible ways that students may organize essays related to the document-based questions in the Advanced Placement version of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each includedRead MoreDBQ for AP US History Essay2093 Words   |  9 Pages3. How did the treatment of Americans by British officers and the military, during the war, contribute to simmering resentment against the mother country? Do the attitudes and behavior of the colonists during the war suggest that Americans felt less real patriotic loyalty to Britain and that the ties had become largely practical ones? The way the British officers treated the Americans during the revolutionary led to the Americans having even more reason to want to rebel, yes by this time AmericaRead MoreHistory 9th Grade2275 Words   |  10 Pagesof economic prosperity 5.) to come alive again/be reborn 6.)Soteriology goal 7.)Denoting the generation or generations after the parental generation. 8.)karma and reincarnation 9.) 10.)He masterminded Athenian strategy in the Peloponnesian War. 11.)son of Phillip ruler of Greece 12.)a city state 13.)A citadel or fortified part of an ancient Greek city, typically built on a hill. 15.)A form of government with a monarch at the head. 16.)A form of government in which power is held byRead MoreAmerican Revolution Dbq5241 Words   |  21 PagesAmerican Revolution DBQ AP US History Mr. Hodgson Question From the late 1760s to July 4,1776, American colonists moved from merely protesting the decisions of King and Parliament to a Declaration of Independence and a Revolutionary War to overthrow that authority. Using both your own knowledge and the documents provided, identify and discuss the turning points which marked this changing relationship. Document A Document B SOURCE: George Hewes, 1773 - Firsthand

Gun Control vs. Gun Rights Essays - 477 Words

The second amendment states â€Å" The right of the people to keep and bear arms†. What does that mean to us, basically and person in the United States is allowed to own and keep a fire arm in house. Gun control advocates believe that right does not extend to ownership of military-style firearms that are otherwise known as assault weapons. To curb gun-related violence certain checks are made, such as mandatory child safety locks, background checks on those wishing to purchase a gun, limits on the number of guns a person can buy and raising the age limit for gun ownership. Gun rights groups, led by the National Rifle Assocation, argue that these and other proposals infringe on the constitutional rights of law-abiding citizens. They maintain†¦show more content†¦Some gun manufacturers have volunteered support for safety locks, but the NRA has criticized safety locks for placing an undue burden on gun manufacturers without a proven benefit to the public. At the forefront of the debate over guns is the assault weapons ban that went into effect in 1994. The ban, which was part of a larger anti-crime bill passed by Congress and signed by President Clinton that year, applies to 19 specific models of semi-automatic firearms and to other guns with assault-weapon features. The ban expired Sept. 13, 2004, and gun rights groups were pressing Congress to allow the ban to lapse. Gun control advocates responded with a massive public relations campaign encouraging voters to tell their elected representatives that Congress should renew the ban. The issue has become a hot potato in a presidential election year, with President Bush and Sen. John Kerry taking positions designed not to infuriate voters on either side of the debate. Bush said he supports an extension, but gun control advocates accused him of failing to pressure Congress into action. Kerry announced his support for extending the ban, even as his campaign sought to boost the Democratic presidential nominees credentials as a gun owner and hunter. Republican congressional leaders say the ban was allowed to lapse because gun control advocates in the House and Senate did not have enough votes to extend it. They may be right.Show MoreRelatedGun Rights Vs. Gun Control856 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is an extremely controversial issue in the United States, and the debates around this topic has started many decades ago. According to the article â€Å"Gun Rights vs. Gun control† by Brianna Gurciullo, these debates are fueled by the people who defend the gun rights and the people who advocate in favor of gun control. It has been difficult to prove that gun ownership is directly related to an increase in violence due to the fact that researches tend to disagree on the impact of gun ownershipRead MoreGun Control Vs. Gun Rights968 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control vs. Gun Rights With conservatives, liberals, and moderates continuously arguing about what is right for this country or what is morally or politically correct, we are forced to find a compromised middle-ground, because it can be the difference between life and death in many unfortunate cases. Conservatives believe that The Second Amendment allows citizens the right to bear arms and protect their individual, inalienable rights. They believe that there are too many gun control laws andRead MoreGun Control Vs. Gun Rights1099 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper One: Gun Control Vs. Gun Rights Whether you gather your information from the newspaper, radio, or a website, you have certainly been exposed to one of the most controversial, current debates. It seems that the media refuses to stop talking about this topic. In fact, as soon as the press over one event disappears another event seems to revive the debate. Some citizens say that we need more restrictive gun laws. Meanwhile, other Americans say that more guns are what is necessary.Read MoreGun Control vs. Gun Rights Essay8911 Words   |  36 PagesRunning Head: GUN CONTROL VS. GUN RIGHTS Gun Control vs. Gun Rights By Robert Marlow For CJ 450 Senior Seminar Dr. Michael Eskey Park University September 2009 Abstract Gun control and gun rights have been an issue that has been debated for decades. Whenever there has been a mass shooting of any magnitude, it seems that the debate heats up even more. Consideration must be given as to what the benefits are of these gun control laws. Gun control laws must also be written asRead More Gun Rights vs Gun Control Essay2049 Words   |  9 PagesStates has caused the gun control debate to intensify. While anti-gun control advocates say the Second Amendment guarantees each individual the right to bear arms, the pro-gun control group reads the Second Amendment as a collective right to bear arms; meaning organized militia are the only ones with that right. This essay will analyse the effectiveness of several different articles which present arguments for and against gun control. Charles W. Collier’s article, â€Å"Gun Control in America: An AutopsyRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control949 Words   |  4 Pageswould be Gun Control, because I am a gun owner who is a supporter of the second amendment. With shootings and other gun related trouble happening all over our country those who create and maintain our gun laws have a big responsibility to take care of. The policy issue of gun control has both people who support the right to bear arms, while there are others who think all guns should be done away with, and this dispute should be something people care about in a legal context. When gun control is broughtRead MoreGun Rights And Gun Control994 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, gun control is becoming a social issue in the US after the many incidents or accident happened related to the gun owner’s kill’s people at the social places. Gun rights means the every person have right to take or carry guns for their self protection is created controversial issue related to criminal justice that needed the requirement for the gun control to stop people from killing each other. Moreover, on 2 Dec, 2015, two suspects those opened fire in a California social serviceRead More Gun Control in America Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control in America The American Constitution and the Bill of Rights are amazing documents in their wording. Its writers showed astonishing foresight in some ways, and understanding that they could not accurately predict the future in others. These documents grant specific and vague powers to different departments of the Federal Government. The wording allows for changes to be made in its content and interpretation. One example of all these qualities, is the Second Amendment, and its interpretationRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights Of The United States1557 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bill of Rights lists certain freedoms and liberties that are guaranteed to the people of the United States of America. Because these rights are in the Constitution, they are federal laws that apply to everyone in America. To ensure there was no question as to who the Bill of Rights applied to, the Fourteenth Amendment was passed in 1868 giving anyone born in, or a citizen of, the United States the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. The amendment left clauses giving some interpretationRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1698 Words   |  7 Pagesnew laws on how people purchase weapons should require background checks. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by many citizens. The critical people of this topic believe that the guns do not kill people, it is the people that kill people. The supporters of this topic believe that guns lead to violence and a feeling of power over others. They also believe that if guns were eliminated from the public, then violence and death would decrease

Cultural Pressure to Be Thin free essay sample

There are many factors that are causing people young and old to get caught up in the new health and fitness craze. One of these factors affect almost everyone in the media. Celebrities are setting the standard for the new thin trend. In Hollywood the pressures for actresses to get and stay thin is the source of a shocking and alarming trend. Females, especially celebrities, have become tinier and skinnier then ever. The look of being â€Å"skinny† has changed from being simply health conscious to a dangerous obsession. This sudden obsession with thinness hasn’t always been around as said by Sandy Szwarc, â€Å" At no time in history have women been so pressured to be thin† (Dying to). This new fad started in the late 90’s out of nowhere. In the past, big full bodied women were considered beautiful while in these days, the public is influenced by the media and Strive to become as thin and fit as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Pressure to Be Thin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Calista Flockhart and Lara Flynn Boyle were the first of many celebrities to take thinness obsession to the new extreme. This new fixation has set the bar higher than ever, and in turn, created a dark side of â€Å"fitness†. Our culture is swept up in a web of peculiar and distorted beliefs about beauty, health, eating and appetite. We have elevated the pursuit of lean, fat-free body into a new religion. People are beginning To live their lives around being as thin and fit as physically possible. They eat, breathe and sleep This new fitness crazes and follows all the rules as if they were 10 commandments. There is no clear reason why the media is promoting this extreme slenderness other than many other than many people deathly afraid of becoming fat that they would do anything to avoid it. Advertisements are promoting unhealthy weight loss and crazy gimmicks such as diet pills. Despite almost universal criticism following weight-loss programs and an epidemic of dangerous eating disorders. This unrelenting pressure to be thin is driven by diet, fashion, cosmetics, fitness and pharmaceutical industries. The fashion industry affects everyone. When one walks into a clothing store, the nice clothes are found in smaller sizes. Different stores are for larger women and men to find clothes to fit Their bodies types. Fashion is not just about the clothes you wear these days is about the naked body itself. The size of clothing has shrunk with the discovery of miniskirts and skimpy tank tops. Not much of the body is covered up these days, making it almost impossible to hide the flaws of the human body. This causes people to strive for the perfect body never becoming satisfied with themselves. This results in the overly skinny body image problems that plague society today. Your friend’s family and strangers all affect how you view yourself and can also affect your weight. Szwarc states that â€Å"Fat prejudice, formed by 8 years of age, is the strongest prejudice found among children, who then shun their overweight peers†. This just shows that friends and strangers can affect people at a very young age. The standards for being an acceptable weight have become unreasonable, even for young children who are active all the time. Even elementary school age girls, fear looking fat more than losing their parents, getting cancer or dying in a nuclear war . It’s sad to think that appearance is starting to become first priority in not just adult’s lives but also children’s. Everyday people are bombarded with advertisements and pressure from society to obtain this new unhealthy look. But what many people don’t understand is that being under weight is just as harmful and unhealthy as being overweight. Diet industries are taken advantage of the public’s sudden skinny craze. Our money is going to continue to be wasted on dangerous diets and fitness gimmicks. We the consumers are the only ones who can change this fat a phobic lifestyle back into healthy lifestyles that were once lived before.

Okuns Law Associations

In 1992, Okun gave two empirical associations linking the unemployment rate to real output, through simple equations. This association obtained the name Okun’s law. This paper describes the associations that get described as Okun’s law. The two associations of Okun stem from the examination that additional labor becomes required to create more products and services in an economy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Okun’s Law Associations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additional labor can emerge from various approaches, such as making employees work for more hours or employing more personnel. Okun supposes that the rate of unemployment can act as a valuable review of the quantity of labor that an economy uses (Cuaresma 439). The following is a discussion of Okun’s law versions. The Difference: First Relationship This first relationship demonstrates the way change in the rate of unemployment between quarters shifts with quarterly increase in real output. The version can be explained by the following equation. Change in the rate of unemployment = a + b (Real output growth) (Prachowny 333). This association can be referred as the difference version of Okun’s law. The association demonstrates the simultaneous relationship between changes in unemployment and the expansion of output. This is how expansion in output diverges concurrently with movements in the rate of unemployment. The factor b gets referred as Okun’s coefficient. We would anticipate a negative Okun’s coefficient, in order to associate swift output growth with a declining rate of unemployment. Conversely, a negative or slow output increase can be related to an increasing unemployment rate. Knotek (75) used quarterly information from the 2nd quarter of 1948 to the 4th quarter of 1960, to estimate the equation above, and he established several facts, as discussed below. Unemplo yment rate Change = 0.30 – 0.07 (Real output growth) (Knotek 75).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Going by this approximation, a real output growth of zero in a certain quarter became related to a rise of 0.3 percentage, in the unemployment rate, during that quarter. The increase in rate of output, invariable with a stable rate of unemployment, was slightly above 4%. The figure of Okun’s coefficient indicated that every percentage point above 4%, of real output growth, became related with a decrease in the rate of unemployment of 0.07 % point (Knotek 75). The gap: Second Relationship Whereas difference Version depended on readily available macroeconomic statistics, Okun’s second relationship linked the unemployment height to the gap amid actual output and potential output. Okun tried to discover the amount that the economy would generate, in pot ential output, under circumstances of full employment. Okun thought of what he deemed, an adequate, low unemployment level, to create as much as feasible without creating lots of inflationary force, in full employment. Also, Okun thought that a high unemployment rate would, characteristically, be linked with redundant resources (Cuaresma 439). We would anticipate the actual rate of output to be less than its potential, in such a situation. An extremely low rate of unemployment became linked to the opposite scenario. Therefore, the gap version of Okun’s law takes the form illustrated below. Rate of Unemployment = c + d (Cuaresma 445; Knotek 75). The c, which is a variable, may be construed as the unemployment rate related to full employment. So as, to follow the above intuition, coefficient d should be positive. Full employment and potential output cause setback since both are not directly visible macroeconomic statistic. Particularly, they make a room for substantial elucidat ion on the side of the researcher.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Okun’s Law Associations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Production-Function Okun formulated the production-function versions after realizing another fault in his suggested relationships. He realized that the rate of unemployment was an alternative variable for the entire approaches in which output got influenced by redundant resources. This consideration founded production-function versions of Okun’s law, which usually merges a hypothetical production function to create output, using the gap-based version of the law. The Dynamic At some point, Okun made observations that both current and previous output could affect the present height of unemployment. Within the difference version of Okun’s law, this means that several related variables must have faced elimination from the right part of the equation. At present, sev eral economists employ a dynamic version of Okun’s law, basing on this submission. Variables on the right part of the equation, in a regular structure for the dynamic version of Okun’s law, should include past real output growth, current real output growth and past changes in the rate of unemployment (Knotek 77). The variables can then elucidate the present change in the rate of unemployment on the left part. In conclusion, Okun law has several versions. The first version demonstrates the way change in the rate of unemployment between quarters shifted with quarterly increase in real output. This first version depends on readily available macroeconomic statistics. Conversely, Okun’s second relationship links the unemployment level to the gap amid actual output and potential output. The dynamic version holds the principle that both current and previous output can affect the present height of unemployment. Lastly, production-function versions of Okun’s law, merges a hypothetical production function to create output, using the gap-based version of the law. These versions keep away from entailing powerful and, occasionally, contentious assumptions concerning the description and calculation of full employment and potential output. Works Cited Cuaresma, Jesus. â€Å"Okun’s Law Revisited.† Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 65.4(2003): 439–451.Print. Knotek, Edward. â€Å"How Useful is Okun’s Law?† Economic Review (2007): 73-103. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prachowny, Martin. â€Å"Okun’s Law: Theoretical Foundations and Revised Estimates.† Review of Economics and Statistics 75.2(1993): 331–336.Print. This research paper on Okun’s Law Associations was written and submitted by user Regina Petersen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Greek Relief essays

Greek Relief essays In general, art is meant to convey the sentiments of a time, and it is obvious that these two pieces are trying to illustrate the epitome of femininity, as designated by Greek community. Both are relief about a woman and both are made at about same time period in 5th century B.C. Marble grave stele of a little girl with doves describes a girl holding two doves saying farewell too them. One can see the sorrow in her eyes as she looks down at the bird saying farewell. Second relief marble relief with a dancing maenad shows a maenad almost in hypnotic status. We also see sorrow in her eyes as she looks down at the floor dancing to some music. Both pictures involve women and both of them are looking down in sorrow. I think the marble grave stele of a little girl with doves main theme could be that it was hard as a girl to live to happily and to the fullest due to the society ¡Ã‚ ¯s view on women. Similarly, in marble relief with a dancing maenad, the main theme could be that bein g a women, doing whatever men wanted them to do, women in general was not satisfied of their status in society. In one word, I believe both statues ¡Ã‚ ¯ main theme is the unfairness and injustice toward women in those times. Marble Grave Stele of a little girl with doves is most likely a symbolic relief. The girl in the relief is holding the doves so dearly not wanting to let them go, but sad because she has no other choice. In ancient Greece, women were not allowed to participate in or even watch the Olympic Games, as the participants did not wear clothes. They did not have voting rights, and only left home to perform religious duties. Olympic Games ceremony closes with the release of doves, symbolizing the spirit of the games. The doves in relief probably have the same meaning as the spirit of the games. The relief tries to show how a woman had to give up attending and competing in Olympics because she was a woman and felt so sorrow. ...

Introduction to the Conditions and Categories of Price Discrimination

Introduction to the Conditions and Categories of Price Discrimination On a general level, price discrimination refers to the practice of charging different prices to different consumers or groups of consumers without a corresponding difference in the cost of providing a good or service. Conditions Necessary for Price Discrimination In order to be able to price discriminate among consumers, a firm must have some market power and not operate in a perfectly competitive market. More specifically, a firm must be the only producer of the particular good or service that it provides. (Note that, strictly speaking, this condition requires that a producer be a monopolist, but the product differentiation present under monopolistic competition could allow for some price discrimination as well.) If this were not the case, firms would have an incentive to compete by undercutting competitors prices to the high-priced consumer groups, and price discrimination would not be able to be sustained. If a producer wants to discriminate on  price, it must also be the case that resale markets for the producers output do not exist. If consumers could resell the firms output, then consumers who are offered low prices under price discrimination could resell to consumers who are offered higher prices, and the benefits of price discrimination to the producer would vanish. Types of Price Discrimination Not all price discrimination is the same, and economists generally organize price discrimination into three separate categories. First-Degree Price Discrimination: First-degree price discrimination exists when a producer charges each individual his or her full willingness to pay for a good or service. It is also referred to as perfect price discrimination, and it can be difficult to implement because its generally not obvious what each individuals willingness to pay is. Second-Degree Price Discrimination: Second-degree price discrimination exists when a firm charges different prices per unit for different quantities of output. Second-degree price discrimination usually results in lower prices for customers buying larger quantities of a good and vice versa. Thirds of third-degree price discrimination include student discounts, senior citizen discounts, and so on. In general, groups with higher price elasticity of demand are charged lower prices than other groups under third-degree price discrimination and vice versa. While it may seem counterintuitive, it is possible that the ability to price discriminate actually reduces the inefficiency that is a result of monopolistic behavior. This is because price discrimination enables a firm to increase output and offer lower prices to some customers, whereas a monopolist might not be willing to lower prices and increase output otherwise if it had to lower the price to all consumers.

The Role Of Financial Management In Successful Business Acquisitions Essay

The Role Of Financial Management In Successful Business Acquisitions - Essay Example Therefore in the light of all these considerations in order to ensure that my presentation is a success my aim will be to educate the audience into becoming more informed users of financial statements pertaining to mergers and acquisitions.I will emphasize upon the intricacies of financial accounting in this regard particularly with regard to goodwill, acquisition provisions and tax. Another consideration will be the use of acquisitions concluded by contract, rather than by exchange of equity interests. This is will also involve an explanation of how the GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) have coped with the variances in different systems in order achieve successful financial reporting objectives.The presentation will highlight the fact that corporate financial statements serve as information givers about the portfolio of the firm pertaining to its performance and prospects.My presentation will demonstrate the link between the economic atmosphere and how its reflects ont o a financial statement.Also included in the presentation will be how the organizational manager of a firm can communicate to the financial users the views of the financial issues thus taking on the role of a financial intermediary. Of prime importance will be an understanding and communication of financial statements and what should or should not be disclosed in line with the regulation and strategy.  This would help the acquirer recognize many intangible assets  separately from goodwill.... ng to its performance and prospects.My presentation will demonstrate the link between the economic atmosphere and how its reflects onto a financial statement.Also included in the presentation will be how the organisational manager of a firm can communicate to the financial users the views of the financial issuers thus taking on the role of a financial intermediary. Of prime importance will be an understanding and communication of financial statements and what should or should not disclosed in line with the regulation and strategy. The Balance Sheet The pith and substance of reviewing a financial statement prior to concluding a merger/acquisition contract pertains to the underlying economics of the economic events highlighted.The relevant information would include the figures which reflect the current value of the assets which are to be acquired and the liabilities assumed.This would allow a potential buyer to recognise the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values and this should be reviewed regardless of the fact how these assets were acquired (that is by merger or contribution or even purchase).This would help the acquirer recognise many intangible assets separately from goodwill. The diagram above1 shows how the financial information and its disclosures will finally lead to the closing of a merger deal. Before concluding a merger or acquisition the experience accountant will scrutinise the pension and tax liabilities which will arise subsequently and how will they be computed post acquisition.Also relevant is the extent to which the buyer will be held responsible for the company's individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed . It has to observed from the balance sheet and agreed from the start how the liability for the

Social Performance Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Performance Part 2 - Essay Example Companies have set up a code of conduct which ensures smooth operations hence success. Different codes of conduct are used such as Legal and Ethical Responsibility to the Company (Atkins, 2006). This code has further divisions such as Responsibility for Compliance whereby the stakeholders of the company have the responsibility to read and understand this code and to abide by it in both spirit and letter. All records, information and data owned and used by the company must be complete and accurate at all times as explained in the records and reporting (Atkins, 2006). The code of Proper Use of Company Assets gives the employees of various power companies the responsibility of protecting the Company’s assets against misuse, theft and loss (Balmer, 1983). The second code of conduct among the similar power companies is the Additional Legal and Ethical Responsibilities which include commodity marketing and trading whereby they are complying with the set marketing rules (Atkins, 2006). The environment Commitment code enables the company to conduct its business in a manner which is environmentally friendly (Balmer, 1983). The company must comply with the environmental regulations, laws and standards. Privacy of employee information encourages confidentiality of employee’s information (Atkins, 2006). Code of Intellectual Property gives protection to the company’s intellectual property in accordance with federal and state laws (Balmer, 1983). The Antitrust Code is designed to protect consumers from unfair business arrangements and to preserve competition among enterprises (Balmer, 1983). In the Code of Conflicts of Interests, the employees must be careful so that they are not involved in activities that may conflict with their abilities to take action that are useful to the company (Balmer, 1983). The most vital one is the compliance with other rules, laws and regulations such as

Introductory paragraph and online worksheet Essay Example for Free

Introductory paragraph and online worksheet Essay I am number three of four children in the family line up, the first and only to go to college. My parents always have been supportive of my going back to school because they did not even finish elementary school. My career plan is to become an Elementary School Teacher or a Marriage and Family Therapist. I am currently working on getting my bachelor’s degree in psychology, possibly a master’s degree in education or counseling. University of Phoenix was one of my first school choices, I loved that I could focus on one class at a time and be able to work full time. The tools available to a University of Phoenix student are amazing; build a career plan, do job market research, online library, personality tests, and much more. My competencies helped me to see what my strengths and weaknesses are such as innovating, writing, adapting to change, and coping with pressure. Once I completed the career interest profiler, I was not surprised to see that my results encouraged me to be a teacher or a therapist because I am interested in that.

Confederacy of Dunces Essays: Last Encounter :: A Confederacy of Dunces

A Confederacy of Dunces - Last Encounter In his last encounter in the novel, Ignatius returns to the ill-reputed Night of Joy. He is still employed by Paradise Vendors and wears the ridiculous costume of a pirate that is mistaken for a Mardi Gras costume. Ignatius attends Dorian Greene's strange party and the distance between the "bodily" dunce and "intellectual" genius is extended. He tries to speak at the party but no one will listen and he cannot handle being rejected for his ideas so he leaves. Throughout the rest of the novel, Ignatius exhibits characteristics of a dunce according to the rest of the characters. At the point when Ignatius disrupts Darlene's Harlett O' Hara act, he follows a series of unfortunate events. The bird attacks him for his novelty earring and Ignatius runs around like a "big crazyman"(285). He bounces out of the bar and runs out into the street, only to come face to face with the headlights of the Desire bus. As Ignatius faints from shock, he shows the reader how awkward and clumsy he is. He ha s the chance to avoid everything that happens but his dunce tendencies take control. He is ridiculed by everyone at the scene for his possession of Lana Lee's naked pictures and ends up being the comedian and clown for the hour. Ignatius looks like a "dead cow lying in the street" according to the newspaper photograph and the reader sees the reactions to the incident from every character(289). Mr. Clyde sees Ignatius as "a big ape" and only wishes that he can retrieve his costume from him(293). Dr. Talc needs to find Ignatius to clear his name but decides against it when he sees the paper. He realizes that Ignatius is the dunce but that he also has a way of turning things around which may be detrimental to Dr. Talc. Miss Annie reads the paper and vows to run Ignatius and Irene out of the neighborhood. She is only worried about the reputation of the neighborhood. Patrolman Mancuso is grateful for his luck in stopping the chain of pornography sales along with the incarceration of the three brute women who had attacked him once before. Santa Battaglia talks to the picture of her mother and comments on how awful Irene must be feeling and has no remorse for Ignatius. Claude is only worried that he will not be able to handle such a disgrace as a stepson.

Life of Bob Marley

Gabrielle Coelho ENC 1101 Informative Essay Bob Marley â€Å"Who are you to judge the life I live, I know I'm not perfect and I don't live to be, but before you point fingers make sure your hands are clean†, one of my favorite Bob Marley quotes; I know it by heart. This quote is perfect to me because I know I'm not perfect and I don't allow anybody to judge my lifestyle or decisions especially if they have or made the same or worse decisions. I grew up listening to Bob Marley's music because of my dad. Nobody loves reggae or Bob Marley more than my dad.So ever since I've been little I've had a love for Bob Marley. Bob Marley, born Robert Nesta Marley, is a singer, song writer and musician. He was the most widely known reggae performer and was a great aid in spreading Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement. Marley first began his career as the lead singer of the music band â€Å"Bob Marley and the Wailers†, making songs such as â€Å"I Shot the Sheriff† and â⠂¬Å"Get Up Stand Up† which are still known today. The Wailers later broke up while each of the members continued to pursue solo careers.Marley later had his first international hit, outside of Jamaica â€Å"No Woman No Cry†. Marley was also very much involved with the social and political issues going on in Jamaica. He held rallies and free concerts, which some turned violent where Marley was shot, but fully recovered after. Bob Marley had many children; two from is wife Rita Anderson, two adopted from Rita's previous relationship and several others from different women, according to the Bob Marley official website. Bob also has many grandchild, a few I personally know myself from middle school.Most of Marley's children and grandchildren reside in Miami now. Bob Marley continued to make the best lyrical and influential reggae music, with songs like â€Å"One Love†, â€Å"Jamming† and â€Å"Redemption Song†. In July 1977, Marley discovered a type of melanoma under his toe, which was a symptom of already existing cancer. Doctors told Marley that he should get his toe amputated, but refused because of his religious beliefs. Despite his illness Marley continued on with his world tour up until his final show in at the Stanley theater in Pittsburg.Marley became very ill and the cancer spread through out his body. After fighting the cancer for eight months without success Marley died on the morning of May 11, 1981, in the Cedars of Lebanon hospital in Miami. All in all, Bob Marley introduced the world to the mystic power of reggae. His influential music is loved by everybody all over the world. His music was educational, lyrical and very positive. Bob Marley always stood up for what he believed him which is why I adore him too. Marley is still very popular after his death and his legacy still lives on today.

Analysis of Othello’s Soliloquy Essay

Soliloquies are an integral part to most William Shakespeare plays and one of the most important soliloquies was that of the tragic protagonist in the play, Othello. A soliloquy is speech often used to reveal thoughts or feelings that is delivered by a character in a play to him or herself, or directly to the audience. The tragic protagonist of the play is no one other than Othello, who the play is named after. Othello is the brave General of the Venetian army who by listening to the deceitful Iago becomes falsely jealous of his wife, Desdemona. In this soliloquy or passage (Act 5, Scene 2, line 1-24), Othello is about to commit the murder of his beautiful wife, Desdemona on false prefixes. Previous to Act 5, scene 2, Iago had convinced Othello that Desdemona had made him a cuckold. Othello is totally overcome with rage and love and is deciding to kill Desdemona. This scene is the climax of the play in which the end product of Iago’s scheming is revealed. In this scene, Othello is lying next to the sleeping Desdemona and is preparing to kill her. In this soliloquy, Othello reveals his decision to kill Desdemona even though he does not want to because he still loves her. Othello is very emotional and still feels very strongly about Desdemona. This is first observed through repetition. In the beginning of his soliloquy, Othello says â€Å"It is the cause,†(Act 5, scene 2, lines 1 and 3) and later repeats â€Å"put out the light,† (Act 5, scene 2, lines 7 and 10) three times each. The repetition shows that Othello is trying to force himself to kill Desdemona because he really does not want. He repeats the words to justify his actions. In addition, the repetition emphasizes Othello’s emotions, which are very regretful of the action he is about to do. Further on in the soliloquy, Othello repeats â€Å"one more,† (Act 5, scene 2, lines 18, 19, and 21) three times, in reference to giving Desdemona a kiss. This repetition also emphasizes Othello’s emotions in that he does not want to kill Desdemona, but feels it is for the best. Othello’s conflicting feelings are shown when he says â€Å"So sweet was ne’er so fatal† (Act 5, scene 2, line 23). By referring to Desdemona as â€Å"sweet† and â€Å"fatal,† two opposites, Othello shows his conflict over how he feels about her. Although Othello still loves Desdemona, he shows his determination to kill her. The first item Othello compares Desdemona to is a light when he says â€Å"Put out the light, put out the light. / If I quench thee, thou flaming minister, / I can again thy former light restore / should I repent me† (Act 5, scene 2, lines 7-10). In comparing Desdemona to a light, Othello says that he will â€Å"put out the light,† or â€Å"quench her,† both actions of killing. On the other hand, since Desdemona is represented by light, and without light, life is dark, by killing Desdemona, Othello will darken his life. This shows that Othello needs Desdemona and therefore that he loves her. Next Othello compares Desdemona to a rose in the quote, â€Å"When I have plucked the / rose, / I cannot give it vital growth again. / It needs must whither† (Act 5, scene 2, lines 13-16). When a rose is plucked, its life is taken away, which reflects Othello’s intention of killing Desdemona. Othello realizes that if he kills Desdemona, this process is irreversible. In contrast to that, by comparing Desdemona to a rose, he shows his love for her because a rose is a symbol of beauty and love. This comparison is an indication of Othello’s love for Desdemona, but also his wish to kill her. In this soliloquy, Othello is speaking to the sleeping Desdemona about what he intends to do with her. The soliloquy is filled with devices such as repetition, pairing of opposites, and metaphors, which add intensity to his basic intention. This scene is the one most filled with tension in the entire play because he loves her but feels he needs to kill her.

valuate how Cash flow forecasts, Break even charts, Profit Loss statements and Financial recording systems can contribute to managing business finances Essay Example

valuate how Cash flow forecasts, Break even charts, Profit Loss statements and Financial recording systems can contribute to managing business finances Essay Example valuate how Cash flow forecasts, Break even charts, Profit Loss statements and Financial recording systems can contribute to managing business finances Essay valuate how Cash flow forecasts, Break even charts, Profit Loss statements and Financial recording systems can contribute to managing business finances Essay Financial control is a vital part of any business. If you lose control it will almost certainly result in your business spiraling into bankruptcy. A wise way to avoid this is to simply record your past cash flows, your current patterns and use the information to construct documents I will explain in detail. These can all be made simply by keeping the required information. Do not forget that all of the information from each document cannot tell you exactly how your company will perform in the future, but it can give you a good guide. I will also include relevant pictures to show what these documents should look like.Cash Flow ForecastsCash flow forecasts are a great way to estimate how your company will perform in the future. They are the standard way to find where your business will peak and trough in its revenues. It is also a handy way to see how much money your business has recently if it is up to date, since it lists closing balances. You can also check your trading profit (Sales capital minus costs) and revenue, (Capital from sales) whilst also having your capital from last month and costs from the current month easily displayed. These are helpful for a business because they are quick and relatively easy to make. They can be flawed sometimes because people can sometimes not make realistic estimates or consider all factors, which can result in the company being too optimistic or pessimistic in spending and sales.This could hinder your company more than help it. For this reason, you should wait until it is sensible to make a cash flow forecast. Benefits of accurate cash flow forecasts include detecting overdrafts early on and finding problems, the ability to review your costs and pricing to suit your disposition and being able to renegotiate terms with others, such as banks or creditors. It is also a great document to show to people that may be interested in your business, such as shareholder, (Potential) investors, creditors and lenders. Since it can be hel pful to show to a creditor, it is also a helpful way to clear up issues surrounding a companys liquidity. It is also good to show shareholders and investors since it will give them an easy way to compare with other competing firms.Break Even ChartsBreak even charts are a method of identifying what prices you will have to set to break even in certain situations, among other things. Although they can sometimes be tricky to get exactly right, knowing what your break even point can sometimes be a big help. Microsoft Excel also has a feature where you can make a break even chart on the computer, which can have less human error in comparison to hand drawn charts. Advantages of break even charts include being able to check many situations before you decide a strategy, to be able to have a visual way to identify your costs and revenues. This will be able to let you put cost-based pricing in place, which essentially means that you can price your products around your costs, so you can work ou t the best way to receive maximum profit.These charts are limited though, since they can only predict. Sometimes you have to check that the situation is feasible, since the break even charts may give you an impossible situation where you cannot sell the amount you need to break even. Also do not forget more variables are always around, so leave a margin of error and do not leave break even charts as your only source of advice. On the chart below, we can clearly see where the blue and red line cross, with the red line being costs and blue being revenue. The break even point is the exact point where they cross. Some people can even choose to draw a line directly downward just to check where it touches on the x axis, which can reduce human error so the data is more accurate.Profit and Loss StatementsSince by law, you will be required to create financial statements each year on behalf of your company, you will most likely need to create a profit and loss statement. In Laymans terms, a p rofit and loss statement will help you document what happens when your revenue is turned into profit. The costs will be the main focus of this document because, not only does it help the government and banks involved when they ask for it, it will also help you find out where your revenue is being spent, similarly to one of the uses of a cash flow forecast. It can be as simple as writing down the revenue minus costs, which will equal your profits, but most documents should be more detailed.You need to expand upon where your costs have come from, who the recipient is and what the specific amounts are. Since this can be used to forecast your sales and costs, you can estimate these values sensibly but they will not be an official document unless they are real figures. A theoretical profit and loss statement is only for the businesses use. Advantages of profit and loss statements include being a simple way of seeing past and present situations for the business, including theoretical ones , being an easy document to write and read, and providing vital information to internal and external sources. They are, meanwhile, limited to the information they supply and they will almost always need to be backed up with more information as proof, since the document is so short.Other Financial Recording SystemsMost financial recording systems will help you find sources of financial problems, allow you to control your credit and predicting situations where cash is vital so you can leave a margin of safety (For example, you must make sure you have enough money to start up your business otherwise you will be in the red instantly, which will have a bad effect from the start). Other financial recording systems include the balance sheet, which helps the company show its financial position at any time. This can be helpful if the business needs to find information at a single point in time. It is the only one of the documents mentioned that can do this.All financial recording systems wil l generally benefit your company if you construct them correctly, since most are a good way of predicting what is to come for your business and how you can prepare.

Class of 2017 New SAT or Old SAT (Updated)

Class of 2017 New SAT or Old SAT (Updated) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Class of 2017 is in a tough spot on the SAT. Should you take the new SAT or old SAT? If you take the new SAT, you would be the guinea pigs for a totally new system; if you take the old one, you have a tighter schedule. How does it break down? Important Note: This article has been updated as of January 25th 2016. If you are reading this, thenat least for official testings, it is too late to choose the old SAT. This article was for historical SAT test-takers registering before January 2016. However, the advice below is still useful for any future test version changes, whether SAT or ACT. Aside: Not in the Class of 2017? Find out whether you should take the new or old SAT here! The answer, according to multiple experts, is to definitely take the old SAT (though there are a few exceptions, see below). Fred Zhang, cofounder of PrepScholar, went through the last SAT transition in 2005, and saw tremendous advantages for the takers of the old SAT. Admittedly, the schedule is less than optimal. The final chance you have to take the SAT will be January 2016, according to the College Board. This is only the middle of your junior year, which gives you less slack than your older classmates, but has huge advantages. You know what the current SAT looks like. There is almost a decade of history with the current SAT. Everyone knows what the old SAT looks like, how to effectively prepare for it, and what's on it. You can do real practice tests that have actually been given in the past. This advantage cannot be overstated. If you are the studying type, taking a test with no history will greatly lower your relative advantage. Here are all of the extra resources you get access to with the old SAT: You can ask older classmates for their best tips and strategies. SAT prep companies and study guides will have perfected prepping for the old SAT. More than 20 real practice SATshave been released by the College Board, and practicing using real tests is so important. You can take a real administration early on to get a feel for timing and the tests. Almost all free advice you can find online about the SAT applies best to the old SAT. They may still hold for the new SAT, but there's a chance the diametric opposite is true. The January 2016 Deadline Is Not That Bad Yes, it does restrict some backup options for you, but really, you don't want to bestudying junior summer, or worse, senior fall. If you study for the SAT too late, it will interfere with your extracurriculars and college application process. Ideally, you want junior summer, and certainly senior fall, to be free from the distraction of taking SATs. Also, if you plan correctly, you'll actually have more opportunties to take the SAT with a schedule that puts your test in January or before, rather than March or later. The January 2016 deadline is really not that bad with just a bit of earlier study. You Get to Take Two Bites at the Apple You follow the old SAT timeline. Suppose you do great on the old SAT, blowing it out of the water great, you don't need to take the SAT anymore! Now assume the reverse: you royally mess up on the old SAT, its style isn't for you. Is it over? Not if you're taking the old SAT you get to pick from the best of two tests! Just take the New SAT, and if it's a better fit for you, you're golden! But the reverse scenario? If you plan to take the new SAT, and then bomb it and figure out you're actually better at the old SAT? Sorry pal, but you can't turn back time you're stuck! Avoid Being a Guinea Pig In first few administrations of the new SAT, you'll be a guinea pig for the College Board. They don't yet have experience in designing flawless problems, calibrating their scale, and perfecting the proctoring instructions. I personally would not be surprised at more than a few hiccups. Exceptions: If you just want to wing the SAT There are a few exceptions to the advice that the Class of 2017 should take the old SAT. The primary oneis if you're going to wing the SAT. For the same reason that studiers benefit from the old SAT, if you're going to totally wing it anyway, the new SAT is better for you since studiers won't have as large of a relative advantage. What if you don't have enough time to study for the January 2016 SAT? Say it's three weeks before, is it still worth signing up? I would say if you are a serious SAT taker yes for sure! Even if you don't study much, if you're naturally better at the old SAT, you could do better on the old SAT naturally compared to the new SAT. If you've got an extra four hours, and don't mind retaking the new SAT again, it is definitely worth it to strategically just try the old SAT even with minimal study in case you're naturally better at it! What to Do Next: Now that you know which SAT to take, you'll probably want to know how to study for it. We've researched hundreds of student stories and academic studies and found the 5 principles you need to follow to improve your score. Click the link below and enter your email address to get the best SAT prep advice you can get anywhere. Follow these 5 strategies to improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Long story short: if you can manage it, aiming for the old SAT would be advantageous. Don't wait for the new SAT to take it! Also, check back here for a complete timeline guide for the Class of 2017 taking the SAT. Other Posts You May Like: Not in the Class of 2017? Should you take the new or old SAT? What should your SAT target be? Get Started Improving Your SAT Score Today: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.604cb6e2-f4ac-41f0-ae8d-2946d45392b7'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Environmental radiation survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental radiation survey - Essay Example It is paramount for the user to wear protective gears owing to the health hazards that radiations cause. When taking measurements, it is significant for the user to adjust the device accordingly so as to have the reading in desired units. In addition, the user needs to turn on the alarm component that activates the auditory and indicating lamp whenever the set-point is exceeded. The alarm system will be operated by an acknowledgement switch that can also serve to adjust the rating that further widens the range. This precaution will prevent exceeding of the range where the maximum reading will not be the correct one. After taking these precautions, the user should make the reading and record the same accordingly. After making the required reading, the user should disengage the device from all presetting done on it. This is a precautionary exercise that will make it easier for a consecutive user to work with the device. Being a lab apparatus or industrial equipment, the device requires proper handling and storage. If the device will not be used in the near future, it is advisable to remove the

Successful Aging Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Successful Aging - Term Paper Example However, there is a positive side to growing old, or aging. As people age, particularly adults, they decline in mobility, cognition and senses at paces that vary from person to person, thus, to ensure that people age successfully, there is a need to reduce the rate of decline or even curb it completely. This is to ensure that they do not become functionless and maintain their independence from second and third party caretakers (Tyrer et al, 2). Mobility issues are common in aging people because they lose balance and suffer reduced functionality in basic of tasks such as locking and unlocking doors. As a result, they become more prone to risks of falling and common mobility accidents. These falls often lead to death as they rank high among the most common causes of death for elderly people (Tyrer et al, 2). In addition, cognitive processes suffer impairment in regard to recalling instructions and following complex ideas, as well as solving problems. However, to overcome all these challenges, various measures exist to ensure that people grow old gracefully. Successful aging is known to be associated with one’s religious beliefs, social relationships, perceived health, self-efficacy, socio-economic status and coping skills (Galligan 1). Having religious beliefs and participating actively in religious activities is one of the ways to age successfully. This is because religiosity in the aging process allows the elderly to cope better as compared to nonreligious ones. In the process, it aids in overcoming emotional and physical problems through which the elderly may be experiencing (Galligan 1). Moreover, active participation in religious issues prevents most manners of depression as it puts people of similar interests in a position to share ideas and problems. As a result, it eradicates feelings of hopelessness due to the reality of age dawning on them. Moreover, this religiosity promotes the development of positive emotions , which, in

Evidential Markers in English The Word Apparently Assignment

Evidential Markers in English The Word Apparently - Assignment Example The word apparently is representative of an act of cognition because it demonstrates the speaker’s state of mind and conveys what he or she thinks, believes or even guesses based on information received or observed indirectly. As Briton (1996) explains, words demonstrating an act of cognition are generally associated with a mental construction of â€Å"evidential markers from verbs of cognition† which are â€Å"analogous to the development of hearsay, sensory, and inferential evidential from verbs of perception† which mean â€Å"hear, see, and feel† (p. 243). Therefore the word apparently is a construction of information observed by the speaker. The speaker is not conveying infinitive information, but rather an information that is not only indirect but open to challenge. From a cognition perspective, there is always the possibility that the speaker is misinformed or has erroneously interpreted information observed or overheard. The mode of knowing is obvious in the use of the word apparently. Implicitly, the speaker is not conveying direct knowledge of a fact but rather an inference is drawn from information. The use of the word apparently is demonstrative of the speaker’s unwillingness to commit to a definitive conclusion but rather a willingness to offer an interpretation or perception of the information received or observed (Brinton, 1996). The speaker limits the information to an inferential form and is thus manifesting a degree of uncertainty by using the word apparently and failing to assert unequivocally that the information observed or received can be conclusively stated. Faller (2002) describes what is known as the reportative marker. The reportative marker is relevant to the word apparently because it offers a contradictory stance on the part of the speaker.  

Why is strategic change so difficult to manage in my organization?

Why is strategic change so difficult to manage in my organization? Looking that evolution and the way things happen, it is possible and easy to say that nothing in this life last forever. Human beings come and go, over the course of our lives we change from kids to teenager to adults . In order to succeed a and make progress, every organization need to make changes. Irrespective of how powerful and successful a an organization, and irrespective of how much sustained success the organization has had, there is a need for change which is inevitable and ever present to ensure sustainable and continuous levels of success in the company. The need for change can be ignited by a change in environment brought about by changes in customers taste, changes or advancements in technology, increase or changes in the level of competition or exogenous factors, things which are totally out of the control of management of the organization for example the occurrence natural disasters is totally our of the control of management of an organization. Change can also be brought about as a result of the organizations own success. Growth and market success will inevitable lead to changes in organizational size and complexities. The main secret to long term success is the company or organizations ability to adapt to change. Many organizations tend to develop long term success formulas or successful business models that last for a particular period of time. As time goes by, the business environment as well as conditions with in the organization itself can change. In order for the organizations to maintain its level of success, it has to be able to adapt to the required level of change. Over time it has been proven that if the organization is able to adapt to changes in its environment, it will be able to flourish. Similarly, if the company is not able to adapt to changes in its environment, it will definitely experience difficulties, and irrespective of the amount of resources that it has or its current market share, the company can fail. This demise can occur rapidly or it can come about slowly. It is really important to not that the process of change can never be easy. The process of change more often than not is complicated and in most cases slow and painful. Depending of the variable, which has initiated the change, the process will come into effect at its own pace. If things don not go the way management is expecting, they can be pulled into n uncomfortable position Human being as much as business organizations do not like change, as such the very important question that we will have to answer here is how much pain is an organization wiling to take in order to bring into existence the change variable Strategic change over time has been given different definitions . Strategic change therefore could be considered as changes in the composition of a firms strategy as per it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s synergies, competitive advantages, scope, and resource deployment. It can also be looked at as the difference in the quality, state or form of an organization trying to align itself with the external environment. Looking at the definition of strategic change that we have just given above, it is clear that the process of implementing strategic change in any organization is clearly affected by the state of the firms themselves and the external environment. the performance of firms is greatly dependent on a mixture of the firms themselves and the external environment, the emergence of new opportunities therefore and the existence of threats in the existing environment, requires that firms are constantly changing in order to adapt to these changes in their environments. It is important here to note th at strategic change is greatly affected by the state of the organization or company in question. For example, firms will adopt a new strategy in the face of financial distress. This main aim of this is to try to reverse the financially distressing situation to the company. Some companies tend to have structural inertia, as such in implementing strategic change, they tend to keep their previous strategy and structure. On a whole therefore, there are seven important point to note about strategic change. Firstly, in order for strategic change to take place, the business has to adapt to its existing environment., secondly, strategic change is complex and fluid and it creates new combinations and generates situational questions that might require non repetitive answers. Nextly, it affects all of the business by providing direction, as well as involving both content and process which can also be referred to as strategy formation and strategy implementation. Strategic change is partially p lanned and partially unplanned so that it can account for any other unforeseen circumstances that arise, also for strategic change to be effectively carried out, it has to be effectuated at all level of the organization. Strategic change should also be a well though out and conceptual process. Managers leading change have to take three things into account when carrying out the change. Firstly, the requirements for major changes in an organizations is a shift the the existing culture of the company as well as a change in the behavior of employees. A lot of initiatives for change fail because they do not deliver a shift by dealing with the cultural and political reality of the company. Nextly, in order that strategic change is successful, it needs to be designed to fit in with the organizational context. Change more often than not is a very complex process; as such companies need to find a way with in which the required change can be adapted to the organizations structure. A lot of companies try to buy readymade solutions to their problems and because these are not designed with the particular structure of their organization in mind. They tend to face difficulties. Lastly, organizations and the decisions that are made in them , are made by people. As such for change to be effectively implemented the people in these organizations have to change their attitudes and perceptions about the way business is done. An intrinsic part of the change process is the organizations employees. In the case of British airways, there are a couple of things that might trigger a need for strategic change. There might be exogenous factors such as a rise in the price of raw material, for example, a rise in the price of oil, will inevitable lead o a rise in the price of gas. In order to adapt to this new changes in the business playing , and in order not to probably transfer these rises to ticket prices which is going to prevent middle line BA customers from switching and looking for a cheaper alternative, as manager in BA I might have to initiate other cost cutting techniques to be able to live up to and meet up with the necessary financial cost and still be as competitive as possible in ticket pricing. Other things that might trigger a strategic change include things such as employees demanding a pay rise, general economic crisis like the one which occurred in late 2008 and affected every sector of the economy, there might be an advancement in technology, maybe the development o f ore fuel efficient planes, can in order maybe to adjust and fit in to this new market various things have to be done. In order to effectively handle change at an organization like BA, there must be very good leaders in place so they can assist in leading employees through the change process. In order for change to be successful , people with the ability to successfully implement change are needed. It has been noted that serious change isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t possible unless the people at the top of the organization are in support of the changes which are supposed to be going through. In a successful transformation, majority of the people on the board , departmental heads and a good number of other employees have to commit to pull together and improve performances. It is important for manager at the top of BA to realize that in order to demand a change from employees in the company, they themselves have to be model for the change that they are advocating for. If they expect a high standard from their employee, then they themselves have to be a model for that high standard. If the change involves cost cutting and they think that employees have to take a pay cut, they themselves as managers of the company have to take a pay cut. In order for change to be implemented in the organization, management has to address and assess the human concern. BA claims to put people first, the reason for this is that people are the greatest asset of BA. The change implementers at BA need to be aware and able to invest effort and time into understanding the human concern and as much as they can, put themselves in the positions of the people who will be affected by any decisions that will be taken be it employees or customers. Communication is a very important tool for change. As much communications as possible is important as change sometimes can lead to fear of job losses, it can foster uncertainty and this can destabilize the whole change process. Management of BA as much as possible has to encourage and communicate with employees making them aware of the fact that they will be given every consideration and will be probably trained to do things in the new better way. It is important for managers to know that the extend of strategic change implemented is very important. Even though it is really difficult to determine how much change or how fast change comes to an organization, it is necessary as a manager to note that change implemented at a very fast rate can instead work against the best interest of the company. Can be implemented too fast can destroy the moral of the employees and it has been know to cause employees to get sick. Even though some change is beyond out control, it is important that change should not be piled up on change. The management of BA therefore has to realize that too much change is an issue and they therefore have to set up an adequate timeframe within which change can be achieved. It might to an extend be a good idea to bounce idea of your employees if change you are trying to implement is a function of your control. Change is divided into four categories, realignment, incremental, big bang and transformational change. I n order for an organization to implement transformational change, it has to change the people in an organization. To change the culture of an organization, the way people think and work has to be changed. In order to help management Like BA management design a context sensitive approach to change with in their organization, the kaliedoscope was created. The kaleidoscope features things which are related to the companies culture, current situation and competencies. The strategic organizational change concept is defined by aspects such as the time frame with in which the change has to take place, the scope of the change , preservation, diversity, capability capacity readiness and power. The time frame of the concept with regards to BA will be talking about things should as the length of time required to implement change in the organization, for example, if an organization is in crisis, then they need less time to change while if its a long term development strategy, the managements has more time to implement the change. When implementing the change, management has to take into consideration what aspect of the old structure need to be preserved, what need to remain and what needs to be c hanged. The scope of the change deals with the extend to which change will be implemented and how much of the organization will be affected by the changes coming into effect. Capabilities of the individual employees, management and the organization have to be taken in to consideration. The ability of staff to deal with these changes, the ability of management to see staff through these changes and the availability of organizational resources to manage these changes greatly determines the extent to which change is implemented. Before a change approach is selected, it is important that the organization chooses the path change is going to take, the point at which change should start, the style change should take, the levers and mechanisms to be employed, and the role that people in the organization are going to play in order to effectuate change. Management of BA have to take this into consideration, they have to as much as possible ensure that change leadership is set up right. They have to make sure that management is in the right position to see change through. In order for management to be able to lead change through, they have to take into consideration the values of the employees in the company and the ethnic and diversity issues which can be brought about as a result of change being implemented. Management leading change have to make sure that in designing and seeing the process of change through, they do not trample upon peoples ethical values or do things in such a way that the ethnic minority for example feel discriminated against. If that happens, moral levels in the company might drop and some employees might be left feeling frustrated at the change, which is being implemented. It is important therefore to note that in order for change to be implemented in an organization like British airways, it is necessary for management to have open and effective communication with its staff, management should ensure that training and retraining programs have been set up so that staff can learn and get integrated in the change structure, Managing an organization is all about managing people, as such I think it is important for management to be able to motivate its staff. Preventing them from getting frustrated is integral to the strategic change process. The business and organizational environment is constantly changing, as such it s really important for every organization, to keep on changing in order to succeed. Learning to adapt to change is a very necessary ingredient to be able to thrive in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business world as such organizations should be able to learn and continuously adapt to everyday changes. In conclusion therefore, it can be said that strategic change is difficult to manage in an organization mainly due to the fact that organizations are all about people, and every human being is different in their own way. However, with the right leadership qualities at the helm of an organization, proper communication plan of the change strategy put in place and adequate availability of organizational resources strategic change can be implemented.

Purple Hibiscus by Chidimanmanda Ngozi Adichie Essay -- nigeria, violen

Chidimanmanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian author, her first ever novel Purple Hibiscus was criticised for addressing the important issues of postcolonial studies such as violence against women and brutal feminism. Alice Walker is an American author as well as a poet, her bestselling novel The Colour Purple was firmly criticised on showing the severity of feminist injustice Feminism is a movement defining the equality and rights for women. Feminism opens potential meaning in these novels as it creates a gateway for the females who are victimised to speak up and to portray their feelings and situations which arise in the novels for the women to vindicate themselves and earn their freedom from the men that surround them. Points such as male domination, marital status and infidelity, the occupations of a woman and redemption and empowerment will help to convey the important meanings through female criticisms in the novels. Walker’s novel The Colour Purple deals with male dominance as a norm in the country. She exposes the act of sexual aggression as being the main form of male domination. The character of Celie is a perfect example of this point. She is shown in the novel as a weak. She does everything the men surrounding her tell her to do therefore she is taken advantage of many times. She deals with bullying and domination in her family, her Pa rapes her twice when she is only fourteen years old. Alphonso beats and rapes her then later on decides to sell her to Mr._ without any acknowledgement of Celie’s feelings. Celie deals with rape with her husband also who sees her as an object to take care of their household and please him. Celie is too afraid to stand up for herself as she thinks fighting back will be the death of her.... ...2003, Purple Hibiscus, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Walker AW, 2004, The Colour Purple, Phoenix an imprint of Orion Books Ltd, Orion House, London. Websites: http://279askt.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/feminist-analysis.html cited 19/11/2013 http://www.litnotes.co.uk/color.htm cited 19/11/2013 http://www.gradesaver.com/the-color-purple/study-guide/major-themes/ cited 5/12/2013 http://phsapenglish.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=summerreading&action=display&thread=61 cited 5/12/2013 https://blogs.stockton.edu/postcolonialstudies/purple-hibiscus-a-feminist-reading/ cited 19/11/2013 https://blogs.stockton.edu/postcolonialstudies/purple-hibiscus-a-feminist-reading/aunty-ifeoma-and-beatrice-diverging-paradigms-of-postcolonial-feminism/ cited 22/11/2013 http://afrrevjo.net/journals/multidiscipline/Vol_5_num_3_art_20_Fwangyil.pdf cited 5/12/2013

Language Loss

As we increasingly realize that our own self-destruction is inevitable in the destruction of the planet, the insular notion of Western modernity as the height of human progress is finally being questioned. However, the resultant paradox is that although we realize the resultant flaws of depending on one form of progress, the only alternatives that we could turn to are dying off of the face of the earth. Thus the global trend of language loss is an issue incredibly worthy of long overdue attention; it may in fact be our last meaningful alternative to rescue the plight of humanity’s survival.As a repository of knowledge, an expression of culture, and a symbolic embodiment of a way of life, the loss of a language speaks for itself. Although some Aboriginal languages are on the brink of extinction in Canada, regrettably, not many people are listening to the last cries of the voices that are quickly vanishing. I will explore the reasons why this is the case. Firstly I will delve i nto the roots of language, as a vehicle by which the essence of each particular culture comes into coherence in the material world and how its culture’s level of conceit that sustains its insularity.The history of Western culture, as a product of European colonialism and industrial capitalism, clearly exemplifies that its essence and more importantly its arrogance, is fundamentally at odds with a harmonious relationship with the natural world, currently leading to its own detriment. With this colonial mentality in mind, a second aspect I will explore is the stark alternative to this one way of thinking that is exemplified the in the culture of the Squamish people of Vancouver.Thus thirdly, the settlement, industrialization, and current urbanization transforming Vancouver, is arguably augmenting the divide between both ways of being, perpetuating the self-destruction of all people who are at the mercy of the dominant culture’s conceit. Thus I will argue that in contrast to Vancouver’s Aboriginal people’s way of life, the current level of arrogance sustaining the dependence on Western modernity will ultimately, inevitably be the demise of humanity. It is undeniable that language, like all things that humanity has created, is ultimately an invention of natural world.As a watershed of imagination, language tries to make sense of the world and may be understood as the symbolization of the human thought in trying to grapple with the nature of existence. Although these symbols were created in order to mediate and make sense of humanity’s place in the universe, since their creation they have transformed and pervaded human cognition to such an extreme extent as to actually replace inexplicable nature of existence with a false sense of ‘rational’ reality. Symbols, now meaning speech, are a cultural phenomenon fundamental to encompassing what define civilization (Zerzan Language: 237).As much as symbols in any culture try t o grapple with their reality in a complex scientific, or rational sense, due to their inherent detachment from the natural world and intrinsic reductionist nature, all attempts to find the answers of the universe, to fit harmoniously with mother earth will ultimately be at odds with what is in fact, incomprehensible. The seemingly rational is ultimately irrational. The layers of complexity now sustaining the process of symbolization account for an ongoing need to label and thus control what ultimately could never be comprehensively defined. SOURCE). An important element in this process of symbolization is the man-made conception of time. Time is one the earliest layers of symbolization’s complexity that enhanced a constructed nature of reality. John Zerzan notes that time’s fruition accounts for the need to define a sense of ‘progress’ that would dominate man’s sense of history, further alienating him away from the natural world. In a cycle of their own creation and perpetuation, the purpose of civilization has therefore, only been to reinforce itself.The perpetual construction of this notion of progress has ultimately led to the self-induced domestication of the mind, enhancing man’s estrangement from the natural (Zerzan Book: 25). Instead of surrendering to man’s harmonious connection to the inexplicable cosmos and thus accepting his own visceral nature, this false notion of progress has been perceived as an inevitable part of human development. Progress is now out of human control and thus alternative ways of existence are seen as backwards and illogical. Future Primitive: PAGE). The zenith of this sense of progress, is encompassed in the current notion of modernity as it is both the height of this civilization and yet the worst reality that the natural world has yet to endure. The sense of progress has always been subjected to the dictatorial role of arrogance and economics, what Williams calls the â€Å"inh erent dominative mode of thinking†(SOURCE). Economics narrates man’s conception of property in an alchemical mix of human labor on the earth’s soil in the pursuit of material wealth.Excessive material wealth superficially bolsters the sense of privildege, evolving to be better understood as their hubris. The Western cultural lineage that has pushed humanity ‘forward’ depends strict on this mentality, and now there exists a common belief that as Westerners works diligently towards the height of modernity, somehow other cultures in the world have become intellectually idle (Davis 2009: 166). Progress is largely perceived as a rushing current of vim and vigor, with an unstoppable momentum carrying all of us in its wake.Upon arrival in North America, with superiority imbued in their mentality, European colonialists brought a sense of progress to the New World. As both a by-product of their amalgamated colonial imagination and their equally delusional sci entific minds, Canada became a laboratory to be poked, measured, defined and prepared for extraction back to continue the fervent industrialization of Europe (Rigney 1999: 109). The colonial mentality is highlighted in their sense of property. Colonialists believed that property had to be enacted; it is as much a physical reality as it is constant aspiration to control.In their minds, property is a verb that must be put to work in order to define it (Blomley: 566). This is in accordance of the influential perspective of John Locke, who helped to ingrain the belief that if the land was not being used, it is being wasted. Thus the divine commons was rendered private property, â€Å"Eden sank to grief† and our natural world was at the mercy of man’s endless attempt to control and accrue all that they could from their surroundings (Blomey: 561). Just as Language is a creation of the natural world, it is the architect of sustaining meaning for a culture.Therefore in its use , language is also a system of power that allows the meanings imparted by cultural hegemony to endure and endure themselves (Focault: 22). Although this cultural lineage now dominates the world’s sense of progress, not all people believe in this once sense of reality. On the margins of modernity, some people’s resilient existence stands as testimony that this one insular mode of thinking is not be the only way of being, nor is it the best way for humanity to survive (Davis: PAGE).Such people do not feel the need to subjugate and try to feebly control the wonders of the natural world, but rather their existence is at the will of what they realize they cannot control. Instead of feebly trying to control the world around them, they would rather be spiritually submerged in nature’s all-encompassing, inexplicable power (Davis: Page). The Coast Salish indigenous people that have historically dwelled in what is now defined as the city-limits of Vancouver are just one e xample of such a people who’s underlying purpose in life is arguably not at odds with the natural order of the universe.Coast Salish is there common name, however within this label are a number of different cultural heritages that are uniquely defined by both their geographic location and correspondingly, their language. In Vancouver’s major reservations today, such identities as the Musqueam, Squamish and the Tsleil-Waututh peoples still dwell in a miniscule enclosure of their ancient homelands. Although their lands are being encroached on from all sides, they try to uphold the ways of their ancestors as a more visceral reality, that was once so harmoniously in balance with British Columbia’s ecosystem (Baloy: 520).Because of their ancient history of being so intimately tied with their surrounding terrain, these peoples distinct cultures, embodied in their in their oral traditions and expressions of art, encapsulate their belief in humanity’s divine conn ection with the land. Living adjacent to the Pacific, what is mentioned in more than one of these peoples’ creation stories is the belief that the land around them sprung from the rich expanse of water on which they heavily rely (Blomey:). In stark contrast to the European’s colonial conception of the property as Terra Nullius, or that it was there for the taking.The resultant boundaries that European’s created in this region are deeply embedded cultural experiences that had specific meanings for colonist. The concept to divide territories on the ground set limits marking distinct social groups and provide a mental template for categories of control (180). In contrast, Coast Salish peoples believe that the land that they gratefully depend upon came into being for a higher purpose. It was not inanimately waiting for humans to define it or bring it to life, but rather its very existence would be what defined them.Following the creation of land from the ‘mud of the ocean,’ the Squamish Coast Salish speak of an extended period of silence that enveloped the earth, in which humans, if they existed at all, only touched lightly on the land (Hill-Tout 1978: 20). The world in their sense was pure and if humans were there, they did not leave any traces of their settlement along the coast nor did they turn on their environment to accrue a sense of history via material wealth. Their ancestors quietly followed the nomadic paths of existence, dictated by the rhythms of life (566). Territorial connections are underwritten by heir relational epistemology- a way of knowing the world through relations. Their knowledge, use, control and even ownership of the land is based on complex relationship with ancestors and spirits which go to the heart of indigenous experiences of dwelling in that place (Thom 2000: 179). Today anthropologist remark on the sophistication of the Coast Salish economy, political structure and way of life. Virgina Crawford att ributed their civil aptitude to the security of their marine substance, as it allowed them to develop a complicated social system based on inherited or acquired clan rank (299).Although Crawford’s perspective gives credit to the Coast Salish people’s intelligence, it is expressed as both a novelty for Indigenous peoples and is tinged with Western lens of progress as if Coast Salish resource extraction was evidence to their efforts to civilize their society. Ultimately this perspective actually reduces the true intelligence of these peoples, which is beyond what Western science can coherently understand. Due to the fact that their existence is imbued with a spiritual understanding of the cosmos, every aspect of their daily lives revolves around ritual (Crawford: 299).Their devout survival is perhaps best captured in their most visible expression of culture, their art. In correlation to the Coast Salish creation story, their rich motifs are an attempt to imbue the awesom e aura of the natural world into an implicit design. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The main thrust behind the degradation of human diversity is the crude face of privilege. The sense of superiority that some cultures have over others because they see world through a monochromatic lens, and persist in interpreting what their perception through a single cultural paradigm, their own (WF-Davis: 6).Vancouver’s Indigenous Community: Squamish: History, Creation, Art, Knowledge, Colonial Encounter Colonial Encounter: Mentality, Property, Language, ProgressSignificance of Urban environment Each word of even the most remote language is the a resounding testimony of cultural identity, and serves to act as a link connecting people with their past, their social, emotion and spiritual vitality (Norris: 12). (Norris 1998: 8) means of communication, but a link which connects people with their past and grounds their social, emotional and spiritual vitality. Norris 1998: 8) Although loss of language doesn’t necessarily lead to the death of a culture, it can severely handicap transmission of that culture. Modernization vs. Language vitality Without doubt, the forces of dominant languages and modernization exert a strong influence on any minority language. In the case of Aboriginal languages, historical events such as the prohibition of indigenous language use in residential schools have also contributed to this process. In addition, the fact that most Aboriginal languages were predominantly oral may also have diminished, in an already difficult environment, their chances of survival. Norris 1998: 8) Facts as of 1996- The current 50 languages of Canada’s indigenous peoples belong to 11 major language families- 10 first Nation and Inuktitut. Several major dialects within them. (Norris 1998: 9) Largest Language in Canada is Algonquin- 147,000 people Geography contributes to size, distribution of Aboriginal Languages Research: M. Dale Kinka de 1991 â€Å"The Decline of Native Languages in Canada† Root of Language- Geography of Canada- Plains accommodate a large group of people.Soaring mountains and deep gorges tend to restrict settlement to small pockets of isolated groups in B. C- small languages. Salish, Tsimshian, Wakashan, Haida, Tlingit, Kutenai- could not develop as large a population as dispersed Algonquin. (Norris 1998: 9)- Isolation can also play a part (Indigenous Issue) Mother tongue population: those people who first language learned at home, and still understood is an Aboriginal Language. (Norris 1998: 10) Index of ability (Kn/MT)1: compares the number of people who report being able to speak the language as a mother tongue.If for every 100 people with a specific Aboriginal mother tongue , more than 100 person in the overall population are able to speak that language, some clearly learned it as a second language either in school or later in life. This may indicate language revival. (Norris 1998: 10) (Stat) Because unlike other minority groups, Aboriginals cannot rely on new immigrant to maintain or increase their population of speakers, passing on the language from parent to children is critical for all indigenous languages’ survival (Norris 1998: 11) (Indigenous issue)Canada’s Aboriginal languages are amongst the most endangered in the world- significant numbers of languages have either already disappeared or are close to extinction (Norris 1998: 15). Among the languages spoken today 2 out of 50 are viable with a large population base- Large or small viable languages (Norris 1998: 15) (Stat) Research: How the English Language Became the World’s Language- Robert Crum Globish. Revival- Sacred Ways of Life: Knowledge. Chelsea Crowshoe- crowshoe consulting Inc.Everyone is a community or culture, hold traditional knowledge because it is collective- WHO: defines traditional medicine- the sum total of knowledge, skills and practices based on theories, beliefs, a nd experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as the prevention diagnosis, improvement of treatment of physical and mental illness Traditional knowledge is shared through ways of exchanging cultural and traditional information such as storytelling- (Crowshoe: 2)Language and culture are the foundation of nationhood of First Nation, Inuit, and Metis people. Canada’s cultural wealth is not merely its official bilingualism- or its multicultural tapestry- Aboriginal languages re part of the our mosaic- A number o Aboriginal languages have died (WHICH ONES? ) and more are at risk- 29% of First Nations people can converse in their language- only a few are flourishing: Cree, 85,000 speakers, Ojibway, 30,000 speakers, Anishiimowin 12,5000- Montagais0Naskapi 11,000.Most Inuit can speak one of the dialects of Inuktitut but statistic Canada report a decreasing number using it as the main language at home- Michif- tra ditional language of the Metis These values are associated, amongst other things, with economic reductionism, mechanistic modes of thinking, aggressive individualism and the destruction of community. (Bennett 2010: 9) The residential school system, mobility and more recently, television, internet are responsible for the loss of language. Canada does well on Global Standards- All of Caribbean languages are extinct- half of the indigenous Central and South American languages-Last ten speakers of Nitinat (Ditidaht) or Comox spearks of Vancouver Island 100 Seneca Cayuga or Onodaga speakers of the nearly 4,000 in south Western Ontario Baloy, Natalie J. K. We Can’t Feel our Language: Making Places in the City for Aboriginal Language Revitalization Language Revitalization efforts are overwhelmingly located in rural environment despite the fact that aboriginal people are increasingly choosing to live and rasie their families in urban settings. Youth are anxious to learn language (Bal oy 2011: 515) Emerging language ideologies of urban aboriginal peopleStrong Aboriginal identity and urban lifestyle are mutually exclusive Land, language and identity- how can this be fostered and nutured in urban spaces (Bayol: 516) The sduy of language ideology-has emerged as a mediating link between social structures and forms of talk. Language ideology refers to the social connection people make with the own or other’s languages, dialects of language variations. The fate of many minority language is likely determined to a large extent by ideology (Baloy 2011: 517) Language ideology- rich possibilities for understanding how people think about and value language.Identifying how language ideologies are constructed, maintained and contested can meaningfully inform strategies for language documentation, planning education and revitalization in contexts of language loss. Ideological clarification (Baloy 2011: 517) Contemporary language ideologies evolve out of historical experi ences and are shaped by mainstream attitudes towards language, government policies and demographic changes (Baloy 2011: 517) Government policies perpetuated mainstream ideologies that position English as a powerful international lingua franca and aboriginal languages as outmoded.Aboriginal languages are often unrecognized, unknown, unappreciated by non-aboriginal society. Sensitive to multingualism- most highly educated and politically influential, largely ignorant of the sheer diversity and complexity, the cognitive and cultural richness of the native languages of the First Nations peoples (Baloy 2011: 517) Historical policies and processes have contributed to the devaluation of aboriginal languages in Canada- continue to resonate today.Residential schools, the Sixties Scoop, galvanizce gnificanation of aboriginal- (Baloy 2011: 517) As a result, many aboriginal parents refrained from speaking their heritage languages to their children in efforts to boost their chances for success i n mainstream society- a generation of young Aboriginal children grew up monolingual in English- drop after residential schools. (Baloy 2011: 518) Angered by the loss of language, community leaders seek redress as the loss of language has become a symbol of government oppression and assimilation policies. Baloy 2011: 518) Reclamation of Native identity, pride, decolonization, assertion of sovereignty (Baloy 2011: 518) Henry Davis stated: â€Å"If you talk to anybody on the reserve, the chiefs will stand up and say two things of utmost importance: language and land† Dual significance What bout about Urban Aboriginals? (Baloy 2011: 518) Urban vs. Remote comparison, similarities, contrasts Urban Example: Vancouver Diversity of British Columbia- Western Canada Vancouver is located in the traditional lands of the Musequea, Squamish, Tsleil-Watuth. The Katzie, Kwantlen, Sto:lo, Tswassan- recognized as local First nations.Umbrella Coast Salish- Squaimish and Musqueam have urban reser ves- Musqueam’s language: Henqeminem- no fluent speakers though there are some semifluent speakers- efforts to restore and revitalize language- Squamish: Skwxwu7mesh Snichim- some fluent speakers, working toward language revival (Baloy 2011: 519) From beginning Vancouver’s development aboriginal nonlocal aboriginal people have made the city for temporary or long-term settlement. Great diversity of aboriginal people living on traditional Coast Salish homelands. Vancouver jobs, education and services. Baloy 2011: 520)There are over thirty five First nations groups represented in the city. First Nations groups are represented in the city in additional to Metis and Inuit peoples. There are now over forty thousand people who identify as aboriginal in the Metro Vancouver area. 1/5 of the total aboriginal population in the province. (Baloy 2011: 520) The number of Aboriginal people has risen in Vancouver- 30% since 1996. Aboriginal peoples living in the city continue to grow- (Baloy 2011: 520)In the early 1950’s 7% of aboriginal people in Canada lived in urban settings- Today approximately 54% of aboriginal people now living in cities. 0% in B. C Moving back and forth between city and reserve. Though many identify with a particular Native heritage and homeland, their aboriginal life is situated in city life (Baloy 2011: 520) Despite urbanization- language revitalization work has maintained mostly an on-reserve focus- reflects wider trends in social science research on aboriginal people as well as mainstream understandings of aboriginal identity (520) Cities or places that had the potential for economic development Why the city has been ignored for so long? Rural aboriginal homelands- rural bound up in colonial histories- Themes of genocide, dispossession of land, and aboriginal government relations emphasize these geo-demographic patterns Reserves are native space- Colonial practice placed reserves in their favor. By interrogating these processes scholars can avoid reifying colonial practices that have contributed to trop of rural aboriginal homelands. Peoples from communities across B. C and Canada have ow moved to Vancouver to live dwell on Coast Salish homelands an urban environment (524) negotiating cultural protocol in such diverse context can become somewhat impler when local people are emphaisized. Outsiders still honor the Coast Salish homelands and attempts to rvitalize language. Some people believe that the world would be a better place if we all spoke the same language. If this is true, and the world’s sole language somehow ended up being Arabic for instance, I wonder what life would be like not being able to converse with someone else in my mother tongue.My world would be inevitably enveloped in silence, I would not be able to coherently articulate stories of my heritage nor utter words that could cohesively encompass the full expression of who I am. It is undeniable that this would possibly be one of the loneliest states of existence imaginable. Unfortunately, such an unthinkable condition is in fact a stark reality for some peoples in the world. This phenomenon has mainly tightened its grasp on to weakened Indigenous communities whose dying tongues have been systematically forced to the edge of extinction on a global scale.As languages continue to disappear from the face of humanity’s cultural diversity, the need to address this issue becomes increasingly more pertinent. Unlike learning French or Spanish, within Indigenous communities, learning a language is ultimately a spiritual process. It gives peace, a sense of reality, a sense of peace. In an urban setting, learning an aboriginal language can enrich one’s links with other people from the same nation or strengthen connections to one’s aboriginal heritage on deeper personal level. Meeting these language goals requires approaches different from long-term language learning.The most intensive projects for lan guage workers and learners aim to develop conversational, everyday use of language. (530) New words in the urban setting- like the internet, or the elevator that are not readily at hand for aboriginal peoples. This fast pace, changing the modern world is almost impossible for English to keep up with. (530) Many of their words are obsolete. Conversely, words that aboriginal langues do have in abundance, such as vocabulary related to local food procurement and specfic land features have limited relevance in the urban setting. Language is obsolete in that sense. 530) It’s now up to the community to change language to fit the city-dwellers needs. Thus making IDEOLOGICAL places for language in the city involves identifying how aboriginal languages can fit into urban people’s lives, integrating how aboriginal languages (531) What is offered in the inclusion of Native Languages in the lives of urban aboriginal people. Research participants suggest that urban language learning can have wide-ranging effects: it can strengthen individuals bonds with their own identity and their test to homelands, community building efforts.We can’t feel our mother, we can’t feel our language. Being cut from the land they are literally cut from all meaning language. (537) Musqueam, Squamish and other local nations- resilience, connections between land, language and identity remain strong and resilient. The close connection between language and the land. Have developed by geography. Getting out in the wilderness is where language makes sense- where language is manifested. Noting that sounds emulate the land. The diversity of languages in BC- physical geography of B. C (324)